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In glaucoma, damage the optic nerve -- the nerve that carries visual stimuli to the brain -- results from an intolerance of the nerve to the pressure level within the eye. The eye's pressure -- and all eyes have pressure within them -- is created by fluid flow within the eye such that the eye makes and drains fluid constantly. The less easily the fluid drains out of the eye, the higher the pressure will be inside the eye. Every optic nerve has a pressure that it will not tolerate -- some very high, others quite low.As the name implies, exogenous endophthalmitis occurs by introduction of microorganisms into the eye from trauma or surgery. It can also be the end result of preexisting scleritis or keratitis. Zygomycosis in the surrounding soft tissue and cryptococcal neuroretinitis may also lead to exogenous endophthalmitis. Patients with exogenous endophthalmitis are rarely immunocompromised. Cataract removal followed by placement of a prosthetic lens and corneal transplantation are the surgical procedures most often associated with postoperative fungal exogenous endophthalmitis.
Voriconazole has an important role to play in the prophylaxis and management of fungal endophthalmitis and keratitis. New-generation triazoles, including voriconazole, posaconazole and ravuconazole, have been shown in laboratory studies and clinical experience to have very good safety profiles with few side effects. Fungal eye infections, while not common in temperate climates, have been notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat, and generally result in protracted therapy with poor final outcomes.
Current treatment options are far from optimal.Increases have also surfaced in Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are monitoring a dozen states -- which are not being named -- for an uptick.Dry eyes are the most common side effect, typically lasting three to six months after the surgery. We know that dry eyes are more common in women than men, and it's more common in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. But there are very effective treatments, including a medicated eye drop called Restasis and oral supplements called BioTears.
The fungus, called fusarium, is commonly found in plant material and soil in tropical and subtropical areas. Without eyedrop treatment, which can last 2-3 months, the infection can scar the cornea and blind its victims.